BALALI OUT,BENNO IN!!!!!!

Raisi Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, amemteua Prof.Benno T.Ndulu (pichani) kuwa Gavana wa Benki Kuu Tanzania (BOT). Uamuzi huo umefuatana pia na maamuzi mengine mazito kama ambavyo yameanishwa katika taarifa rasmi ya Ikulu iliyotolewa hivi leo jijini Dar-es-salaam. Yote haya yanafuatia utata na sakata zima lililokuwa limeigubika Benki Kuu ya Tanzania.
Wakati huo huo Raisi Kikwete amemteua Dr. Enos S.Bukuku kuwa Naibu Gavana wa Benki Kuu. Taarifa rasmi ya Ikulu unaweza kuisoma hapa.
TAMKO LA SERIKALI KUHUSU TAARIFA YA UKAGUZI WA HESABU KATIKA AKAUNTI YA MALIPO YA MADENI YA NJE (EXTERNAL PAYMENT ARREARS ACCOUNT – EPA) ILIYOKO BENKI KUU YA TANZANIA.Nafurahi kuwaarifu kuwa, kazi ya Ukaguzi wa Hesabu za mwaka wa fedha 2005/06 za Akaunti ya Madeni ya Malipo ya Nje yaani External Payment Arrears (EPA) katika Benki Kuu ya Tanzania imekamilika. Kazi hiyo ilifanywa na Wakaguzi wa Kampuni ya Ernst and Young kwa niaba ya Mdhibiti na Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Hesabu za Serikali. Ilianza Septemba, 2007 na kukamilika Desemba, 2007. Juzi tarehe 07 Januari, 2008 Rais Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete alikabidhiwa Taarifa hiyo na Mdhibiti na Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Serikali. Rais ameisoma, ameifanyia kazi na kuitolea maamuzi.
Historia ya EPA
Katika miaka ya 1970 mpaka 1990 nchi yetu ilikuwa inakabiliwa na tatizo kubwa la upungufu wa fedha za kigeni. Benki Kuu ya Tanzania ilipewa jukumu la kusimamia matumizi ya fedha za kigeni kwa niaba ya Serikali. Benki Kuu ndiyo iliyokuwa na mamlaka ya kupanga na kuamua nani agawiwe fedha za kigeni na kiasi gani!
Kwa ajili ya kuwahudumia wafanyabiashara, mashirika na makampuni yanayoagiza bidhaa na huduma kutoka nje, Akaunti maalum ilifunguliwa katika Benki ya Taifa ya Biashara kwa wakati huo. Akaunti hiyo ilijulikana kwa jina la External Payment Arrears (EPA) au Akaunti ya malipo ya Madeni ya Nje, kwa tafsiri ya Kiswahili.
Waagizaji wa bidhaa au huduma kutoka nje waliwajibika kulipa kwenye Akaunti hiyo, fedha ya Tanzania yenye thamani inayolingana na fedha za kigeni zinazotakiwa kulipia bidhaa au huduma hiyo huko nje. Baada ya waagizaji wa ndani kufanya hivyo, kutegemeana na upatikanaji wa fedha za kigeni, wauzaji au watoaji huduma wa nje walilipwa. Benki Kuu iliamua nani alipwe na Benki ya Biashara ilifanya malipo.
Juni, 1985 iliamuliwa kuwa shughuli za akaunti hiyo zihamishiwe Benki Kuu kutoka Benki ya Taifa ya Biashara na zimeendelea kuwepo hapo mpaka sasa. Katika Benki Kuu kikaundwa kitengo maalum cha kusimamia na kuendesha shughuli za akaunti hiyo kilichojulikana kama Debt Management Unit chini ya Kurugenzi ya Sera (Directorate of Economic Policy).
Kwa sababu ya tatizo la upungufu wa fedha za kigeni kuendelea, malimbikizo ya madeni hayo yalizidi kukua mwaka hadi mwaka. Kwa mfano, mwaka 1999 deni hilo lilifikia dola za Kimarekani 623 milioni. Kati ya fedha hizo, dola 325 milioni ndilo deni la msingi na dola 298 milioni ni riba yake. Baadae likaongezeka kufikia dola 677 milioni.
Juhudi za Kulipa MadeniJuhudi za kulipa malimbikizo ya madeni hayo ziliendelea kadri fedha za kigeni zilipopatikana. Kwa nia ya kutaka kutafutia ufumbuzi wa haraka tatizo hilo na kupunguza mzigo wa madeni, Serikali ilianza kutafuta njia nyingine mbalimbali. Mwaka 1994, Serikali kwa kushirikiana na Benki ya Dunia ilianzisha Mpango wa Kununua Madeni (Debt Buy Back Scheme). Yaani waliokuwa wanaidai BoT waliombwa wakubali kulipwa sehemu tu ya madeni wanayodai. Wapo wadai kadhaa walikubali na madeni yao yakauzwa chini ya mpango huo. Taarifa za mwaka 2004 zinaonyesha kuwa madeni ya thamani ya dola 228 milioni yalilipwa chini ya mpango huu.Pili, Serikali ilifanya juhudi ya kupata msamaha wa madeni hayo kutoka nchi wanachama wa Paris Club. Serikali iliomba kuwa pamoja na kutusamehe madeni ya kiserikali toka nchi zao wasaidie tusamehe na madeni ya makampuni yao kwetu. Yapo pia madeni ambayo yamelipwa na makampuni ya Bima baada ya makampuni yaliyouza bidhaa na huduma Tanzania kushindwa kulipwa. Madeni ya dola 216 milioni yalihusika chini ya michakato hii. Hivyo basi, deni la dola 444 milioni lilipungua katika ile jumla ya dola 677 milioni. Kwa hiyo mwaka 2004 deni katika Akaunti ya Malipo ya Nje lilikuwa dola 233 milioni. Yalikuwepo mawazo ya baadhi ya watu kuwa pengine deni hilo lisilipwe au tulikatae. Walikuwepo waliokubali madeni yao yafutwe na wengine waliagiza fedha zao zipewe NGO. Lakini, baadhi ya wadai waliendelea kudai na wengine hata kushitaki mahakamani. Hivyo BoT ililazimika kuendelea kulipa kadri wadai walipojitokeza.
Ulipaji kwa IdhiniKatika utaratibu wa malipo ya madeni ya EPA kanuni zinaruhusu mdai kuamua deni lake kulipwa kwa mtu au kampuni nyingine. Kanuni zinamtaka mdai kutoa hati iliyothibitika kisheria ya yeye kuidhinisha malipo hayo yafanywe (Notarised Deeds of Assignments) hivyo. Pia yapo masharti ya kutimizwa na kampuni au mtu aliyeidhinishwa kulipwa hilo deni. Utaratibu umetumika kufanya malipo kadhaa ya madeni katika Akaunti ya EPA.
Matatizo ya Mwaka 2005/6Katika ukaguzi wa Hesabu za BoT za mwaka wa fedha 2005/6, Agosti, 2005 kuligundulika matatizo katika ulipaji wa madeni kwa utaratibu wa idhini ya kulipwa wakala wa mdai katika akaunti ya EPA. Kukajitokeza kutokuelewana kati ya Benki Kuu na Mkaguzi Deloitte and Touche’ aliyegundua tatizo hilo. Baadaye mkaguzi huyo alisitishwa kuendelea na kazi. Serikali ikaingilia kati na tarehe o4 Desemba, 2006 ilimuagiza Mdhibiti na Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Hesabu za Serikali (CAG) kuhakikisha kuwa ukaguzi wa akaunti hiyo unafanyika kwa kina. Aidha, ilimuagiza atafute kampuni ya kimataifa ya ukaguzi ifanye kazi hiyo kwa niaba yake. Mdhibiti na Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Hesabau za Serikali, ndiye kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya BoT mkaguzi wa Hesabu za Benki Kuu. Hata hivyo kwa mazingira hayo maalum Serikali ilimtaka CAG atafute mkaguzi mwingine wa nje.
Mdhibiti na Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Hesabu za Serikali (CAG) alifanya hivyo na matokeo ya mchakato wa kutafuta kampuni hiyo uliochukua miezi mitano (Januari hadi Mei, 2007) ndipo ikapatikana kampuni ya Ernst and Young.UKAGUZI
Wakaguzi wa Kampuni ya Ernst and Young wakaanza kazi hiyo Septemba, 2007 na kuikamilisha Desemba, 2007. Wakaguzi hao wamefanya kazi nzuri iliyothibitisha kiwango cha juu cha weledi (Professionalism) cha wakaguzi hao. Tunawapongeza, tunawashukuru. Tunatambua kuwa walipata matatizo mengi hasa ya kupata taarifa zilizo sahihi kwa sababu ya matatizo ya utunzaji wa kumbukumbu. Madeni haya ni ya miaka 27 na zaidi iliyopita. Kumbukumbu zimehamishwa kutoka NBC kwenda BoT. Hata huko NBC shughuli zilikuwa zinafanywa katika matawi mbalimbali nchini tena miaka hiyo hapakuwa na kompyuta hivyo kumbukumbu zote ziliwekwa kwenye majalada. Pamoja na matatizo hayo ukaguzi wa hesabu za mwaka 2005/6 ulikamilika kwa kiwango cha kuridhisha.
Kwa mujibu wa taarifa hiyo ya Ukaguzi katika mwaka wa fedha wa 2005/2006 uliochunguzwa, katika mwaka 2005 yalifanywa malipo ya jumla ya Shilingi 133,015,186,220.74 kwa Makampuni 22 ya hapa nchini. Makampuni hayo ni: Bencon International Ltd. of Tanzania, VB & Associates Company Ltd. of Tanzania, Bina Resorts Ltd. of Tanzania, Venus Hotel Ltd. of Tanzania, Njake Hotel & Tours Ltd., Maltan Mining Company Ltd. of Tanzania, Money Planners & Consultants, Bora Hotels & Apartment Ltd., B. V. Holdings Ltd., Ndovu Soaps Ltd., Navy Cut Tobacco (T) Ltd. of Tanzania, Changanyikeni Residential Complex Ltd., Kagoda Agriculture Ltd., G&T International Ltd., Excellent Services Ltd., Mibale Farm, Liquidity Service Ltd., Clayton Marketing Ltd., M/S Rashtas (T) Ltd., Malegesi Law Chambers (Advocates), Kiloloma and Brothers na KARNEL Ltd.
Aidha, ukaguzi umebaini kwamba kati ya fedha hizo, kiasi cha Shilingi 90,359,078,804.00 zililipwa kwa makampuni kumi na tatu (13) ambayo yalitumia kumbukumbu, nyaraka na hati zilizo batili na za kugushi. Hivyo, Makampuni hayo hayakustahili kulipwa chochote. Makampuni hayo ni: Bencon International Ltd. of Tanzania, VB & Associates Company Ltd. of Tanzania, Bina Resorts Ltd. of Tanzania, Venus Hotel Ltd. of Tanzania, Njake Hotel & Tours Ltd., Maltan Mining Company Ltd. of Tanzania, Money Planners & Consultants, Bora Hotels & Apartment Ltd., B. V. Holdings Ltd., Ndovu Soaps Ltd., Navy Cut Tobacco (T) Ltd. of Tanzania, Changanyikeni Residential Complex Ltd., Kagoda Agriculture Ltd.
Aidha, ukaguzi umeendelea kubaini kuwa Makampuni tisa (9) ambayo yalilipwa jumla ya Shilingi 42,656,107,417.00 hayakuwa na nyaraka za kuonyesha stahili ya malipo na hivyo kuwafanya wakaguzi washindwe kuhakiki uhalali wa malipo hayo. Makampuni hayo ni: G&T International Ltd., Excellent Services Ltd., Mibale Farm, Liquidity Service Ltd., Clayton Marketing Ltd., M/S Rashtas (T) Ltd., Malegesi Law Chambers (Advocates), Kiloloma and Brothers na KERNEL Ltd.
Wakati huo huo Makampuni mawili, yaani, Rashtas (T) Ltd na G&T International Ltd., kumbukumbu zake za usajili katika daftari la Msajili wa Makampuni nchini hazikuweza kupatikana.
Uamuzi wa Rais
Baada ya kuipitia Taarifa ya Mdhibiti na Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Serikali na ya Mkaguzi wa Nje, yaani, Kampuni ya Ernst and Young, Mhe. Rais amesikitishwa na kukasirishwa na taarifa ya kuwepo vitendo vya ukiukwaji wa makusudi wa sheria, kanuni na taratibu za uuzaji wa madeni ya nje vilivyofanywa katika taasisi muhimu na nyeti kama vile Benki Kuu. Kwa hiyo, ameamua kuwa hatua za kisheria na kiutawala zichukuliwe dhidi ya makampuni na watu waliohusika na vitendo hivyo viovu.
Kwa ajili hiyo Rais ameamua yafuatayo:-
1. Ametengua uteuzi wa Dkt. Daudi A. Balali kuwa Gavana wa Benki Kuu ya Tanzania.
2. Ameagiza Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya Benki Kuu ikutane mara moja kujadili taarifa ya ukaguzi na kuchukua hatua zipasazo za kinidhamu dhidi ya Maofisa wote wa benki, walio chini ya mamlaka yake waliohusika na kusababisha hasara hii kwa taifa.
3. Shughuli za ulipaji wa madeni katika Akaunti ya EPA zisimamishwe mara moja mpaka hapo taratibu za uhakiki na utaratibu mpya utakapotengenezwa.
4. Rais amewaagiza; Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Serikali, Inspekta Jenerali wa Polisi na Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Taasisi ya Kuzuia na Kupambana na Rushwa, kuchunguza na kuchukua hatua zipasazo za kisheria kwa makampuni na watu waliohusika na uhalifu huu. Rais amewataka watumie ipasavyo mamlaka na madaraka waliyo nayo kwa mujibu wa sheria. Aidha, amewataka wakamilishe kazi hiyo katika kipindi cha miezi sita. Amemuagiza Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Serikali awe kiongozi wa kazi hii. Amewataka wahakikishe kuwa fedha zilizolipwa isivyo halali zinarudishwa.
5. Rais pia amemtaka Mdhibiti na Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Hesabu za Serikali kushirikiana na kuwasaidia watendaji wakuu hao wa vyombo vya dola katika kufanikisha jukumu lao hilo. “Watu wengine wenye taarifa za ziada pia wazitoe kwa Timu ya Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Serikali (AG) na wenzake”.
6. Kutokana na hatua ya kutengua uteuzi wa Bwana BALALI, Mhe. Rais amemteua Prof. BENNO T. NDULU (Naibu Gavana) kuwa Gavana Mpya wa Benki Kuu. Halikadhalika, amemteua Dkt. ENOS S. BUKUKU (Katibu Mkuu – Miundombinu) kuwa Naibu Gavana wa Benki Kuu (Fedha na Uchumi). Pia amemteua Ndugu Omari Chambo kuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Miundombinu. Uteuzi huu unaanza mara moja.
(Phillemon L. Luhanjo)
KATIBU MKUU KIONGOZI
IKULU,DAR ES SALAAM09 Januari 2008
Kwanhisani ya michuzi

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Augustus Fungo, University of Essex, Sainty Quays,H8/6F Lightship Way, Colchester CO2 8GY
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ASANTE SANA MASHAURI

Mhe,

Mashah nakushukuru sana kwa kuwa wa kwanza kufanya mambo kwenye hii blog,naomba na wengine tuige,na kujaribu kufanya mambo zaidi.Kama kawaida ukitaka kupost lazima uende http://www.folalumni2006.blogspot.com/ halafu weka username na passowrd ambayo tayari ulishatumiwa kwenye inbox yako. Lakini ningeshauri sana tupost kwenye sehemu hii ya kupost badala ya kuadd page element au kureaarange. Nawatakia posting njema.

Augustus

THE MYTH OF MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY

THE MYTH OF MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY:
WHAT LESSONS CAN OTHER COUNTRIES LEARN FROM THE KENYAN ELECTION CRISIS?
Before the colonial encroachment in the Africa and the rest of the Third World, the indegenous people had already developed sytems of public administration and governace of their own.According to its traditional meaning, democracy means the rule of the people, by the people and for the people. If the African traditional political systems are examined in the light of the above Athenian definition of democracy, the obvious conclusion we shall arrive at is that the traditional African political system were perfect ' democracies'.In my article I use the terms traditional African democracy and indegenous African democracy synomimously, and the reader should understand that my use of these term does not in any way mean these systems were inferior in relation to the modern multiparty democracy which was imposed from without by the former colonizers.
The traditional African democracy evolved as the society developed in the light of the existing circumstances.I confine my discussion to Africa, but most of this discussion is similar to the rest of the Third World because of the similarity in historical development. As it developed out of the existing historical and material conditions of the society, this African traditional democracy was arguably the most stable and efficient in the African history. Its principle were egaritarianism, communalism and unitarianism. It is these principles that made it the most stable and efficient in the day to day life of the indegenous population.Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, a thinker and the First President of Tanzania embodied the principles of the traditional African democracy in his seminal theory of African Socialism. According to Karl Marx all human societies began as communalistic societies, but how each society moved away this early system was shaped by the existing historical and material conditions.
The administration of this traditional African democracy is interesting and thus it is worthy revisiting. The mode of decision was by unanimous consensus as opposed to the 'imposed Western model democracy' whose decisions are based on the majority no matter the margin. This imposed model is the so called 'multiparty democracy'.In this imposed democratic model which is oftenly imposed by bombs as in Iraq, works on the basis of the winner-takes-all. It does not matter the way how one wins the game (of election), if he wins he gets the right to tyrannize the minorities for a certain period of time. Mwalimu Nyerere in his theory on African socilaism remarks that, in the traditional African society the elders met under the tree, they talked till they agree.This statement encapsulate the essence on how the decisions were made in the African democracy prior to European colonization.
The three principles referred above were fantastic. The egaritarian principle insisted on equality and equity to all members of the society particularly in terms of securing the necessities of life.Communalistic principle emphasized the common ownership of the means of production mainly land because this society was an agrarian society. Unitarian principle unified the membesrs together as single whole regardless of the differences. In addition it encouraged cooperation and mutual assistance between the members.In essence these three principles were complimented each other.
Colonialism was like a virus in the African body politic. It introduced not only a different system, but also an antipathy or negation to the traditional African democracy. The new system imposed by the colonizer was elitist as opposed to the egaritarian African system. In this imposed model, the access to public leadership is confined the privileged few who actually rule for the satisfaction of their chosen, be it their supporters, party members, business colleagues, friends etc.The traditional African society leadership instead, it was entrusted to the experienced and those having (informal) knowledge. These were apparently elders by virtue of their age they have acquired much informal knowledge and experience. So goes the Swahili saying that, kuishi kwingi ni kuona na kujifuunza mengi, literally translated as 'one who lives longer sees and learns a lot'.
In the Western democcracy, the leadership is confined to the cunning, those who are able to solicit much votes from the electorates by any means.Dubious methods such as fraud, buying of votes, threats, lies,media propaganda, treachery etc. have been invoked in order to gather votes! It is those who have financial capacity and mostly from privileged section of society can be able to do all these tricks. Those who are able to print millions of 'cut-and paste' leaflets, banners and T-shirts and those who can have money to entertain the voters with lunch and dinners, are those who 'win' the elections.
The imposed nature of the Western democracy accounts to major political violence including the on-going crisis in Kenya. Like the body infected with a virus, the generation of antibodies is normally violent and chaotic, that is the situation of most African contries suffering from colonial virus. In Britain, the democacy evolved along the class lines- the propertied and the propertless classes. This Western model is devoid of relevancy in African socio-political milieu.Unlike the unitarian Afrian democracy, this imposed democracy is divisive. It divides the nation along trivial lines namely tribes, color, region, ethnicity or religion. In fact the so called political parties do not differ significantly in terms of their policies, even in the Western countries also.That is why they all end up verging into these nonsensical lines of division. In the West most people do not care about the elections results because they are materially well off, so most of them are not bothered by whatever party comes to power. This is witnessed by the incresing political indifference and apathy among the population in the affluent societies.People just boycot elections. But in African and in the rest of the underdeveloped world, where people live in abject poverty the results of elections matters even if no big defference these parties make.
In the Western democracy, after election the population divide behind the factions created by these parties.Normally elections are succeeded by an atmosphere of hostility between these factions, as it has been the case in Tanzania 1995, 2000 and 2005 elections. These hostilities normally continue till the next elections at which they are normally amplified. This is the the distasteful inevitable scenerio in Kenya. Division along these factions never existed in the traditional African democratic model. Due to its unitarian nature, elections were followed with a strong societal unity behind the common leadership, which served the whole population by the principles I have referred above.
Is the killing in Kenya a sacrificial price for this imposed democracy? How long can we say 'enough is enough' to the killings in the name of democracy? Are we going to wait for the killings in the next elections in Kenya and elsewhere? For what happens in Kenya, the reasons are not confined to Kenya. Under the present world economic order, even if President Mwai Kibaki could stay in power for fourty years he could not allevitate the poverty and deprivation of the Kenyan people.The underdeveloped world is 'caged' and stunted by the international capitalistic order, such that the countries of the South (including Kenya) continue to suffer from naked exploitation by their former colonizers. Out of these exploitation, for which the Western population benefit, comes rampant poverty in African and in the rest of the Third world. Unless the neoliberal order, is radically changed, then the poor countries shall not only remain poor, but shall be further impoverished. As Thomas Pogge, argues the West have responsibility for the poverty and deprivation that are behind all the violence and instability in the poor countries.
The prospect for the reforms of the global institutional order, which inflicts injustices to the underdeveloped countries, is almost nonexistent. The only path is for the African countries and the rest of the Third world in cooperation with the revolutionary movements of the West to forge a new path for genuine human societal development. In Africa, the obvious way is to create a new system based on the three traditional principles.This system I will refer to it as the 'African Democratic Socialism'. In the same way, the Asia, can create Asian Democratic Socialism in the light of specific circumstances peculiar to Asian, etc. In Africa in particular it is easy and cheap to revive the traditional system than to establish the imposed Western model.
Live the struggle for the Liberation of the oppresssed peoples of the World! Zidumu Harakati za Kumukomboa Mnyonge Duniani!
Raphael Bahati Tweve Mgaya
Warwick University
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ARTICLE ENDS

A WELCOME NOTE

Dear Members

I am very honoured to take this opportunity to welcome you all to the prosperous page "Fol 2006 Alumni". It is intended that this page will act as a medium of communication among members of the Fol 2006 Alumni. Perhaps I should take this opportunity to say a little bit about Fol Alumni. Fol alumni was established soon after completion of class lectures in our final year at Udsm. I remember the occassion to have taken place at River side Hotel at Ubungo, Dar-es-salaam. It is this place where we got first 20 addresses of members. Since then the number has grown considerably. We think in future the number will increase especially through the use of this page. The link since then has proved its usefulness as we have been able to trace the whereabouts of various members and help each other share information. We hope through this page members will feel free to post articles, pictures,photos of various events, videos and other things which sounds important to us. Please feel free to contact the administrator any time. So far we are still developing this page, it might undergo here and there adjustment and changes the aim being to improve it and look more professional. Please do not hesitate to bring along your coments, ask question etc. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Happy NEW YEAR 2008

Cheers